When and How People Learned to Make Cloth

Textiles, to archaeologists anyway, can mean woven cloth, bags, nets, basketry, string-making, cord impressions in pots, sandals, or other objects created out of organic fibers. This technology is at least 30,000 years old, although preservation of the textiles themselves is rare in prehistory, so it may be quite a bit older still. Because textiles are perishable, often the oldest evidence of the use of textiles is implied from impressions left in burned clay or the presence of weaving-related tools such as awls, loom weights, or spindle whorls. Preservation of intact fragments of cloth or other textiles has known to occur when archaeological sites are in extreme conditions of cold, wet or dry; when fibers come into contact with metals such as copper; or when textiles are preserved by accidental charring. Discovery of Early Textiles The oldest example of textiles yet identified by archaeologists is at the Dzudzuana Cave in the former Soviet state of Georgia. There, a handful of flax fibers was discovered that had been twisted, cut and even dyed a range of colors. The fibers were radiocarbon-dated to between 30,000-36,000 years ago. Much of the early use of cloth began with making string. The earliest string-making to date was identified at the Ohalo II site in modern Israel, where three fragments of twisted and plied plant fibers were discovered and dated to 19,000 years ago. The Jomon culture in Japan — believed to be among the earliest pottery makers in the world — shows evidence of cord-making in the form of impressions in ceramic vessels from Fukui Cave that are dated to roughly 13,000 years ago. Archaeologists chose the word Jomon to refer to this ancient hunter-gather culture because it means cord-impressed. The occupation layers discovered at Guitarrero Cave in the Andes mountains of Peru contained agave fibers and textile fragments that were dated to about 12,000 years ago. Thats the oldest evidence of textile use in the Americas to date. The earliest example of cordage in North America is at Windover Bog in Florida, where the special circumstances of the bog chemistry preserved textiles (among other things) dated to 8,000 years ago. Silk making, which is made from thread derived from insect cases rather than plant material, was invented during the Longshan period in China, ca 3500-2000 BCE. Finally, one extremely important (and unique in the world) use of string in South America was as quipu, a system of communication composed of knotted and dyed cotton and llama wool string used by many South American civilizations at least 5,000 years ago.

Analysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn...

Underestimation on the Mississippi History has proven itself again and again with the simple fact that social classes dictate how human lives are treated. The major aspects in life are directly impacted by what social class someone is in. This dictates many things including who this person affiliates himself with and what kind of quality life that person will live. This is very evident in antebellum south. Slavery is at its peak in this time, and half the population are slaves. In the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck and Jim travel down the Mississippi river, and encounter a lot of the aspects of the antebellum south. Because of the society Huck has grown up in, he often overlooks his traveling companion, Jim. Throughout the story, Twain creates a division, that widens as the story evolves, between how Huck views Jim and how the reader views Jim as a person. This theme happens in almost every part of the book and it is very clear that Huck underestimates Jim. Jim is a runaway slave that Huck is helping, and this leads Huck to underestimate him, even though Huck acknowledges the fact that Jim is smart multiple times. Jim is presented in the beginning of the book as at most, a side character. No one really expects anything amazing out of him, including Huck and the reader. But as the adventure picks up, the views of Jim from Huck and the reader quickly divide. Mark Twain separates himself from the book altogether on the first pageShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself another†. TAG (Title, author, genre): The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain, satire full of adventure Context/Background: The story follows a teenager boy as he sets off on an adventure with Jim, a runaway slave. 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He is wild andRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s Works Made A Huge Impact On Readers And Literary Critics1288 Words   |  6 Pages2/26/17 P:2 Outline Mark Twain’s works made a huge impact on readers and literary critics. His writing occurred during both the romantic and realist time eras in American Literature. He has simple, seemingly artless narrators and an understated style leads readers to arrive at the social commentary of his narratives on their own. Mark Twain’s writing influenced society because he created a new perspective on life with the views pointed out in his books. The distinctive trait of Twain s was his senseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Henry James1557 Words   |  7 Pagesmisjudgment between Americans and exotic immigrants. Those famous authors like Mark Twain and Henry James wrote down social and psychological transformations bring out in the nation by creating removed, impartial status of daily life. 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The novel has been debated as controversial since it has been published in 1986. It has been considered racist, due to the â€Å"n† word. In its earlier days, racist people felt this book was a disgrace, because of the mingling of the two main characters. Among all of the negative comments, this book is truly a ma sterpiece. It is an unforgettable and enjoyable book for everyone to learn and scrutinize; it contains a multitude ofRead MoreHuck Finn Essay1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain By Brenda Tarin British Literature 2323 Lois Flanagan January 27, 2009 Tarin ii I. Introduction II. Biographical sketch of author A. Past to present B. Experiences and achievements III Plot analysis A. analysis of plot structure 1. Exposition 2. Complication 3. Crisis 4. Climax 5. Resolution B. Theme of plot IV

Do what you love and the money Essay Example For Students

Do what you love and the money Essay Do what you love and the money will followIn this essay I will examine the meaning behind Jacob Needlemans statement There is this idea: Do what you love and the money will follow. I think that this is one of the New age Fantasies. First explaining this quotation, I will then look at some of the questions that this statement raises, using similar views from an anthropology background and scholars such as Karl Marx to investigate the authors ideas of self knowledge and the role of money in western culture that are in the related article. Through this article the author is trying to express the inherent fallacies that are present in such a statement as Do what you love and the money will follow. This statement originally quoted by Marsha Sinetar, in her 1989 book Discovering Your Right Livelihood. Needlemam counteracts this with his theory on the role that money has and contributes in western culture, he shows that money is the driving force behind everything, and that such a statement is nothing more than just a fantasy and not realistic, money comes before all else. He contends that everything that man does or accomplishes is, or for, the pursuit of money or exchange, and through this, society as a whole lives through this energy that is created. Since, as the author contends, that money is the Chief representative of life on earth than money is what drives us, we chase it, money, in the authors eyes does not follow us. Therefore the statement do what you love and the money will follow is contrary to Needlemans beliefs and in a sense would seem like a new age fantasy. Human life to him is money, to be human in this day and age is to require money and our own conciseness needs to accept this fact. To understand youre individual life, you must accept that money is the most important piece in our culture at this time in human evolution you must accept it and adapt to it in order to survive. To believe that you can do what you like and the money follow is incomprehensible. In addition to Neeldemans theory if you look at a similar hypothesis taken by anthropologist Meridith Small which serves to better illustrate the point of money being the decided factor in all of society through human evolution. Dr. Small uses the example of mating and sexual attraction in Homo Sapiens as a guide; she contends that sexual attraction within the Homo Sapiens subset is greatly influenced by wealth, which translates into the ability to care for offspring. She states, She wants a man who will provide for her children, she needs his money, his resources and his protection to care for the children she will raise1. This illustrates part of Needlemans point, on the nature of money and wealth. If you look at this quote you could easily erase the part men who have and still come out with the same result, and the same conclusion as Needleman. Karl Marx, the great social commentator, once said of the economic realities, The first form of the family, was based on economic conditions, on the victory of private property over primitive, natural communal property2. Again, what Marx is saying, is that even in the beginning of human society there was a decidedly strong trend towards private ownership, which translates into money. Through this statement,Needlemans point is made more valid; it shows that money has its roots in everything and that it would be crass to assume that such a delusion as money following you will occur. There are some questions that arise in such a statement, such as does money really override everything. Is the world so consumed with profits, capitalism and possessions that it can run on nothing else? Where is love, is this an antiquated notion only held by such romantic poets such as Lord Byron and Shelly, are their ideals based solely on the great doubloonWhere does faith fall into this equation? The au thor would have us believe that everything we do has to be based on money and or its effects. 95% of the Worlds population believes in a higher form than humans, it could be said that this is what drives the world, and not the great dollar that so evidently drives most of western culture. And finally, if a person does decide to do what he or she loves than maybe the money will come, or maybe not, but at least your happy and I would suspect that a great number of the population would rather end their time on this planet happy over rich.